tarkeeb of a3raaf

[aqib]

assaalaamu alaikum,

i am creating this thread to discuss the tarkeeb of the ayaahs of the surah a3raaf as a means to prepare for the class. Kindly collaborate

the only easily available tafseer of i3rab online is by darvish so i m pasting its link for reference. This may or may not be used to discuss this. And then there are other places one may refer to.

i3rabQnDr : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive

(volume 2 covers the first third of a3raf (along with other surahs) and volume 3 completes it.)

Since we will be covering verses 52 onwards, i will begin with quoting the beginning verses.

وَلَقَدۡ جِئۡنَـٰهُم بِكِتَـٰبٍ۬ فَصَّلۡنَـٰهُ عَلَىٰ عِلۡمٍ هُدً۬ى وَرَحۡمَةً۬ لِّقَوۡمٍ۬ يُؤۡمِنُونَ (٥٢)

Any volunteer? You may do it in the style of Qasas tarkeeb thread or leave the obvious and just state the essentials.

[Yusuf Mullan]

wa alaikum salaam wa rahmatullah,

This is a good effort. Second year students should try and participate as much as posssible while the surah is being covered.

Here, there are less restrictions and you can entertain some alternate possibilities. You should try first to match the translation that was given in the weekend session.

Remember that 80% would normally be clear.. like in the above example one main point would be how to treat the 'ala 'ilmin phrase. In the weekend class, it was mentioned that this connects to a mahzoof and ultimately becomes haal from the naa pronoun in fassalnaa.

hudan and rahmatan are both maf'ul lahu.

So try and first single out the most noteworthy portions.. then attempt the tarkeeeb.

Explain the deduction where needed.

Really, if you spend just 20 minutes a day on this, it's 100 times better than spending no time at all.

[Masrurah Jaradat]

وَلَقَدۡ جِئۡنَـٰهُم بِكِتَـٰبٍ۬ فَصَّلۡنَـٰهُ عَلَىٰ عِلۡمٍ هُدً۬ى وَرَحۡمَةً۬ لِّقَوۡمٍ۬ يُؤۡمِنُونَ (٥٢)

Wa alaikom salam.
InshaAllah I would like to try:

1) wa (وَ): is harful 3Tf: theme upon theme from previous sentence.
2) lam of tawkeed (لَ): stands for an omitted qasam and whatever after lam is jawaabul qasam.
3) qad (قَدۡ): is harf taHqeeq
4) جِئۡنَـٰهُم بِكِتَـٰبٍ۬ فَصَّلۡنَـٰهُ عَلَىٰ عِلۡمٍ هُدً۬ى وَرَحۡمَةً۬ لِّقَوۡمٍ۬ يُؤۡمِنُونَ : It is a jumlah fa3liyah and has fa3l, faa3il (naa), maf3ul bihi (هُم) and a muTa3alleq (onward from بِكِتَـٰبٍ۬) . The muTa3alleq is further divided into jarr (bi) and majroor (the rest of the ayah).
4) Majroor then divided into: mawsoof ( كِتَـٰبٍ۬) and sifah (فَصَّلۡنَـٰهُ عَلَىٰ عِلۡمٍ هُدً۬ى وَرَحۡمَةً۬ لِّقَوۡمٍ۬ يُؤۡمِنُونَ).
5) Sifah then divided into a fa3l, faa3il (naa), maf3ul bihi (هُ), first muTa3alleq ( عَلَىٰ عِلۡمٍ), maf3ul lahu (هُدً۬ى وَرَحۡمَةً۬) and a second muTa3alleq ( لِّقَوۡمٍ۬ يُؤۡمِنُونَ) .
i) The first muTa3alleq ( عَلَىٰ عِلۡمٍ), together with a maHthuf becomes Haal of the faa3il "naa" and faa3il (naa) is the thul Haal. The muTa3alleq is further divided into jarr and majroor.
ii) The maf3ul lahu (هُدً۬ى وَرَحۡمَةً۬ ) is divided into ma3Tuf 3alihi (هُدً۬ى), harful 3aTf (وَ) and ma3Tuf (رَحۡمَةً۬). Another tarkeeb of (هُدً۬ى وَرَحۡمَةً۬ ) is that it is Haal of maf3ul bihi (هُ).
iii) The second muTa3alleq ( لِّقَوۡمٍ۬ يُؤۡمِنُونَ) is divided into jarr (لِّ) and majroor (قَوۡمٍ۬ يُؤۡمِنُونَ). Majroor is divided into a mawsuf (قَوۡمٍ۬) and a sifah (يُؤۡمِنُونَ). The sifah (يُؤۡمِنُونَ) consists of a fa3l and a faa3l.

[aqib]

preety good explaination. compact and yet impactful.

few enhancements based on reading from darvish

He suggest that the first waw is not عطف rather إستإنافية which i believe are two different things. Ibn Ashoor does say however its عطف on verse-50. In any case, this is advanced topic and i dont have coherent explaination of it.

Whereever jaar/majroor, Darvish consistently explains which verbs they are associated with etc. This is a good practice and should be adopted. If one say so-and-so is muta3lliq then its like hanging in space and beg explaination - muta3lliq to what. He explains that the ب is connected with جاء and على is with محذوف and ل with the two masdar before it.

If على علم is haal of فاعل of فصَل then this would mean "We have explained Quran (while our state is such that We have complete knowlege (over its details and other matters)"

If على علم is haal of مفعول of فصل then this would mean "We have explained Quran (and its state is such now that it encompasses detailed knowledge)

Treating هدى و رحمة as maf3ool lahu is preety good explaination. Besides he also states that they could be haal of the maf3ool in fassala, so these masdars would be like thier fai3l counterpart (which is preety strange explaination to me - but khair he knows the lugha)

I am attaching the image from darvish over this.

[aqib]

Verse - 53

هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا تَأْوِيلَهُ يَوْمَ يَأْتِي تَأْوِيلُهُ يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ نَسُوهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ قَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُ رَبِّنَا بِالْحَقِّ فَهَلْ لَنَا مِنْ شُفَعَاءَ فَيَشْفَعُوا لَنَا أَوْ نُرَدُّ فَنَعْمَلَ غَيْرَ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ قَدْ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ (53)

[aqib]

jzk Mufti Sahb for encouragement. inshallah we will try to stick to the translation covered but it may ride on tangents. Also in all likelihood we would get around 80-90% and rest will get clear in class inshallah.

A brief reflection on the v-52. As explained in class that the prefered explaination (by Thanvi Sahb) of 3la 3lmin (nakirah indicating on tafkheem - thus "complete" knowledge) is its connected to maHdhoof occuring as haal of fai3l, This is the reference to the preceding verses mentioning the accounts of unseen (three groups and their conversation in aakhirah) that they should not be treated as mere conjectueres but rather based on Allah's certain knowledge.

On the other hand, treating it as haal of maf3ool could be appropriate from the consideration of the following verse (v-53) which refers to heedlessness of disbeliever over the message of the Quran (similar to the famous verse towards the end of mu3minoon ... and the verse in Qaf ... and others like it.) So the v52 with 3la 3lmin is like a wake-up call instead of passively waiting for the time when these matters in the Quran with its certain knowledge would be revealed along with their horrifying details.

Place of "3la 3lmin" from these perespectives and its ability to encompass both angles is pretty miraculous. Ibn Aashoor explains that this use of 3la is majaazi similar to the majaazi use of fi in other verses we covered in tafseer.

[madinah]

Salam'alaykum,

I think we should keep the tarkeeb thread simple so that weak or slower students are not discouraged from participating in this thread. References from Tafsir books may make this complicated.

Jzk for taking the initiative.

[aqib]

I agree that i have digressed and i apologize for this. I wish i had better controle over myself... However honestly if you would read thru previous tafseer threads, the students before us were indulged in much more constructive discussions.

verse-53 - its long but inshallah if you want to break it down and do some portion of it that should be ok.

هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا تَأْوِيلَهُ يَوْمَ يَأْتِي تَأْوِيلُهُ يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ نَسُوهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ قَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُ رَبِّنَا بِالْحَقِّ فَهَلْ لَنَا مِنْ شُفَعَاءَ فَيَشْفَعُوا لَنَا أَوْ نُرَدُّ فَنَعْمَلَ غَيْرَ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ قَدْ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ (53)

Dont be discouraged, if you think you can do it dont worry about others. Actually these passages from Darvish are blessings if you are willing to utilize them. They only explained in writing what was explained in class. If you would listen to the audio then these are the points you get.

1) how to resolve istifhaam + illa construction (first time i learned this here)

2) use of fa before yashfa3oo and na3mala - as explained in HN

3) 3tf of nuraddu on interrogative sentence before it

4) position of ghairal ladhi

Thanvi Sahb has footnotes on 1 and 3 as explained in audio.

The only difficulty with Darvish (so far) is how he explains the beginning of the verse where he employs knowledge of waSl/faSl which i conviniently ignore.

Try working with Hans Wehr it really helps.

http://forums.shariahprogram.ca/begi...ime-saver.html

[madinah]

1) هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّاتَأْوِيلَهُ

هَلْ - Harf Istifham

يَنْظُرُونَ - Fa'l, waw Faa'il

إِلَّا - Harf of Hasr

تَأْوِيلَه - Maf'ul bihi

2)يَوْمَ يَأْتِي تَأْوِيلُهُ يَقُولُالَّذِينَ نَسُوهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ قَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُ رَبِّنَا بِالْحَقِّ فَهَلْلَنَا مِنْ شُفَعَاءَ فَيَشْفَعُوا لَنَأَوْ نُرَدُّ فَنَعْمَلَ غَيْرَ الَّذِيكُنَّا نَعْمَلُ :

a)
يَوْمَ يَأْتِي تَأْوِيلُهُ- Maf'ulfih

يَقُولُ- Fa'l

الَّذِينَ نَسُوهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ- Faa'il

قَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُ رَبِّنَابِالْحَقِّ فَهَلْ لَنَا مِنْ شُفَعَاءَ فَيَشْفَعُوا لَنَأَوْ نُرَدُّ فَنَعْمَلَغَيْرَ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ - Maqoola

b)يَوْمَ يَأْتِي تَأْوِيلُهُ :

يَوْمَ - Mudhaf and

يَأْتِي تَأْوِيلُهُ is Mudhaf ilayh

c) الَّذِينَ نَسُوهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ :

الَّذِينَ - Mawsul

نَسُوهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ- Silah

d) قَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُ رَبِّنَابِالْحَقِّ فَهَلْ لَنَا مِنْ شُفَعَاءَ فَيَشْفَعُوا لَنَأَوْ نُرَدُّ فَنَعْمَلَغَيْرَ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ :

i) قَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُ رَبِّنَابِالْحَقِّ:

قَدْ- Harf Tahqeeq

جَاءَتْ- Fa'l

رُسُلُ رَبِّنَا - Faa'il

بِالْحَقِّ - It will connect with aMahzuf and become Haal for رُسُلُ رَبِّنَا

ii) فَهَلْ لَنَا مِنْ شُفَعَاءُ :

فَ- Fa Istinafiyyah

هَلْ- Harf Istifham

لَنَا -

مِنْ شُفَعَاءَ -

iii) فَيَشْفَعُوا لَنَأَ

فَ- Fa Sababiyyah

يَشْفَعُوا-Fa'l

و- Faa'il

لَنَأَ- Muta'alliq to Fa'l
iv) اونُرَدُّ

او- 'Atf on هَلْ

نُرَدُّ-Fa'l and Nahnu Naib Faa'il
v) فَنَعْمَلَ غَيْرَ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَعْمَل

فَ- Fa Sababiyyah

نَعْمَلَ- Fa'l

غَيْرَ-Mudhaf

الَّذِي كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ -Mudhaf ilayh

قَدْ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَضَلَّعَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ(3 :

قَدْ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُم- Matuf'alayh

و- Harf 'Atf

َضَلَّ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوايَفْتَرُونَ- Ma'tuf

ضَلَّ - Fa'l

عَنْهُم- Muta'alliq to Fa'l

مَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ- Faa'il

I have left some blanks as I'm not sure about them. Someone else can attempt those and fill in the blanks.

[aqib]

very good effort. jzk for chipping in.

it has some mistakes and need some enhancements, it will be great if u or someone else can help pick those up. Inshallah refer to tafseer text/audio or other sources, it should be ok.

jzk again.